Life Of Prophet Muhammad - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1336 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Life Essay Did you like this example? I. A Prophet and His World A. Muhammad and His Message 1. The Arabian peninsula a. Nomadic Bedouin lived in the desert-covered peninsula for millennia 1. Kept herds of sheep, goats, and camels 2. Organized in family and clan groups 3. Importance of kinship and loyalty to the clan b. Post-classical Arabia, active in long-distance trade c. An important link between India/China and Persia/Byzantium 2. Muhammads early life a. Muhammad ibn Abdullah born in a Mecca merchant family, 570 C. E. b. Difficult early life, married a wealthy widow, Khadija, in 595 c. Became a merchant at age 30, exposed to various faiths . Muhammads spiritual transformation a. At age 40, he experienced visions 1. There was only one true god, Allah (the god) 2. Allah would soon bring judgment on the world 3. The archangel Gabriel delivered these revelations to Muhammad b. Did not intend to found a new religion, but his message became appealing 4. The Quran a. Followers compiled Muhammads revelations b. Qura n (recitation), became the holy book of Islam c. A work of magnificent poetry B. Muhammads Migration to Medina 1. Conflict at Mecca a. His teachings offended other believers, especially the ruling elite of Mecca b. Attacks on greed offended wealthy merchants c. Attacks on idolatry threatened shrines, especially the black rock at Kaba 2. The hijra a. Under persecution, Muhammad and followers fled to Medina, 622 C. E. b. The move, known as hijra, was the starting point of the Islamic calendar 3. The umma a. Organized a cohesive community called umma in Medina b. Led commercial adventure, sometimes launched raids against Mecca caravans c. Helped the poor and needy 4. The seal of the prophets a. Referred himself as the seal of the prophets, the final prophet of Allah b. Held Hebrew scriptures and New Testament in high esteem . Determined to spread Allahs wish to all humankind C. The Establishment of Islam in Arabia 1. Muhammads return to Mecca a. He and his followers conquered Mecca , 630 b. Imposed a government dedicated to Allah c. Destroyed pagan shrines and built mosques 2. The Kaba a. The Kaba shrine was not destroyed b. In 632, Muhammad led the first Islamic pilgrimage to the Kaba 3. The Five Pillars of Islam a. Obligations taught by Muhammad, known as the Five Pillars b. The Five Pillars bound the umma into a cohesive community of faith 4. Islamic law: the sharia a. Emerged during the centuries after Muhammad b. Detailed guidance on proper behavior in almost every aspect of life c. Drew inspiration especially from the Quran d. Through the sharia, Islam became more than a religion, but also a way of life II. The Expansion of Islam A. The Early Caliphs and the Umayyad Dynasty 1. The caliph a. Upon Muhammads death, Abu Bakr served as caliph (deputy) b. Became head of the state, chief judge, religious leader, military commander 2. The expansion of Islam a. Between 633-637, seized Byzantine Syria, Palestine, and most of Mesopotamia b. By 640s, conquered Eg ypt and north Africa c. In 651, toppled Sasanid dynasty d. In 711, conquered the Hindu kingdom of Sind e. Between 711-718, conquered northwest Africa, most of Iberian peninsula 3. The Shia and Sunnis a. The Shia sect, originally supported Ali, served as a refuge b. The Sunnis (traditionalists), accepted legitimacy of early caliphs c. Two sects struggled over succession 4. The Umayyad dynasty (661-750 C. E. ) a. The dynasty temporarily solved problem of succession b. Established capital city at Damascus in Syria c. Ruled the dar al-Islam for the interests of Arabian military aristocracy 5. Policy toward conquered peoples a. Levied jizya (head tax) on those who did not convert to Islam b. Even the converts did not enjoy wealth and position of authority 6. Umayyad decline a. Caliphs became alienated even from other Arabs from the early 8th century b. By the mid-century, faced strong resistance of the Shia faction c. The discontent of conquered peoples also increased B. The Abbasi d Dynasty 1. Abu al-Abbas a. A descendant of Muhammads uncle b. Allied with Shias and non-Arab Muslims c. Seized control of Persia and Mesopotamia during 740s d. Shattered Umayyad forces at a battle in 750 e. Soon after, trapped and annihilated the Umayyad clan 2. The Abbasid dynasty (750-1258 C. E. ) a. Showed no special favor to Arab military aristocracy b. No longer a conquering empire c. Empire still growing, but not initiated by the central government 3. Abbasid administration a. Relied heavily on Persian techniques of statecraft b. Central authority ruled from the court at Baghdad c. Appointed governors to rule provinces d. Ulama and qadis ruled local communities 4. Harun al-Rashid (786-809 C. E. ) a. Represented the high point of the dynasty b. Baghdad became metropolis, center for commerce, industry, and culture 5. Abbasid decline a. Struggle for succession between Haruns sons led to civil war b. Governors built their own power bases c. Popular uprisings and peasant re bellions weakened the dynasty d. A Persian noble seized control of Baghdad in 945 e. Later, the Saljuq Turks controlled the imperial family III. Economy and Society of the Early Islamic World A. New Crops, Agricultural Experimentation, and Urban Growth 1. The spread of food and industrial crops a. Indian plants traveled to other lands of the empire b. Staple crops: sugarcane, rice, new varieties of sorghum and wheat c. Vegetables: spinach, artichokes, eggplants d. Fruits: oranges, lemons, limes, bananas, coconuts, watermelons, mangoes e. Industrial crops: cotton, indigo, henna 2. Effects of new crops a. Increased varieties and quantities of food b. Industrial crops became the basis for a thriving textile industry 3. Agricultural experimentation a. Numerous agricultural manuals b. Agricultural methods and techniques improved 4. Urban Growth a. Increasing agricultural production contributed to the rapid growth of cities b. A new industry: paper manufacture B. The Formation of a Hem ispheric Trading Zone 1. Camels and caravans a. Overland trade traveled mostly by camel caravan b. Caravanserais in Islamic cities 2. Maritime trade . Arab and Persian mariners borrowed the compass from the Chinese b. Borrowed the lateen sail from southeast Asian and Indian mariners c. Borrowed astrolabe from the Hellenistic mariners d. The story of Ramisht, a wealthy Persian merchant of the 12th century 3. Banks a. Operated on large scale and provided extensive services b. Letters of credit, or sakk, functioned as bank checks 4. The organization of trade a. Entrepreneurs often pooled their resources in group investments b. Different kinds of joint endeavors c. Traders even went to West Africa, Russia, Scandinavia 5. Al-Andalus a. Referring to Islamic Spain, conquered by Muslim Berbers b. Claimed independence from the Abbasid dynasty c. Participated actively in the commercial life of the larger Islamic world d. The example of the merchant-scholar al-Marwani e. Products of al-Anda lus enjoyed a reputation for excellence f. The prosperity of the capital city, Cordoba C. The Changing Status of Women 1. The Quran and women a. The Quran enhanced security of women b. The Quran and sharia also reinforced male domination 2. Veiling of women a. Adopted veiling of women from Mesopotamia and Persia b. Womens rights provided by the Quran were often reduced IV. Islamic Values and Cultural Exchanges A. The Formation of an Islamic Cultural Tradition 1. The Quran and sharia were main sources to formulate moral guidelines 2. Promotion of Islamic values a. Ulama, qadis, and missionaries were main agents b. Education also promoted Islamic values 3. Sufis a. Islamic mystics, also most effective missionaries b. Encouraged devotion to Allah by passionate singing or dancing c. Al-Ghazali: Human reason was too frail and confusing d. Sufis led ascetic and holy lives, won respect of the people e. Encouraged followers to revere Allah in their own ways f. Tolerated those who asso ciated Allah with other beliefs 4. The hajj a. The Kaba became the symbol of Islamic cultural unity b. Pilgrims helped to spread Islamic beliefs and values B. Islam and the Cultural Traditions of Persia, India, and Greece 1. Persian influence on Islam a. Most notable in literary works b. The verses of Omar Khayyam and The Arabian Nights were widely known 2. Indian Influences adopted Hindi numerals, which Europeans later called Arabic numerals 3. Greek Influences a. Muslims philosophers especially liked Plato and Aristotle b. Effort of harmonizing the two traditions met resistance from Sufis Don’t waste time! 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The Virtue Of An Immoral Love - 1776 Words

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The Staff Development Free Essays

This paper will review the characteristics of a teaching program for a critical care department in a local community hospital. This will include a review of teaching strategies that focus on the adult learner based on their development stage. A teaching program for the critical care department would entail small group and student-centered teaching strategies that focus on communication enhancement and core skill competency development among learners. We will write a custom essay sample on The Staff Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now This teaching approach emphasizes more autonomy in the clinical care setting and encourages the teacher to consider learner characteristics among clinical and professional workers. The educational program described will be offered in hospital and other generic health care organizations where proactive team building skills and communication skills development are necessary to ensure a multi-disciplinary approach to learning and care giving. The teaching program provided will include a team approach to healthcare education encouraging participants to learn and adopt strategies for conversing and communicating with diverse populations including other professionals, students, clinical workers, patients, families and community members. Teaching Program for Critical Care Department Foundation Learner characteristics for employees in a critical care work setting are unique. Adult learners generally have specific characteristics that require use of effective strategies for learning and teaching the adult learner (Huttly, Sweet Taylor, 2003). Studies suggest that multiple approaches may be more effective for helping critical care staff develop, including a â€Å"team healthcare approach† which educators can adopt and simulate in an educational setting â€Å"through interprofessional education and vertical integration of student years† (Huttly, Sweet Taylor, p. 5). Teaching strategies must be based on learner characteristics and the place of employment students intend to pursue their career to be successful. Teaching strategies that are varied are most likely to be successful, and may include information technology training in skills development and writing genres and education about working in a multidisciplinary health care setting where a depth and range of activities and problems solving skills are nurtured among future healthcare practitioners (Biggs, 1999; Huttly, Sweet Taylor, 2003). 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There is also ample evidence suggesting that student centered approaches to teaching help clinical student learn to communicate better in a team environment and help develop more comprehensive communication and problem solving skills, important attributes within the medical profession (Huttly, Sweet Taylor, 2003). This compared with more teacher centered approaches, strategies that in the past have proven less successful among adult learners with varying learning characteristics, particularly those learning in a clinical environment where it is important that students adopt transferable and generic skills (Huttly, Sweet Taylor, 2003). How to cite The Staff Development, Papers

Social Media Impact on Business Success †My assignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Social Media Impact On Business Success? Answer: The use of social media is growing at a significantly high rate. While naysayers predict this trend will change soon, there is no denying that social media have a substantial impact on the operations of businesses. Social media websites like Facebook, Pinterest, Linkedin, and Twitter present a significant opportunity for business to grow, but businesses must employ a variety of tactics to reap from these sites. This paper demonstrates how social media impact business success by analyzing the opportunities that it offers. Additionally, it provides tools for measuring the impact of social media on business. Social Media Opportunities Drive Website Traffic and Encourage Recommendations Social media offers companies an ideal platform to take full advantage of word of mouth and see the popularity of their brand's increase. In most countries, many people are connected on a global scale and frequently communicate through social media. A simple action like liking a Facebook post can make a word to spread very quickly throughout many other social media platforms, and given that human beings like the opinion of their peers far more than a polished magazine advert, a few likes can help increase the sales of business (Plotting Your Social Media Marketing Strategy 2011; Baker 2017). When their peers endorse a product, they can follow the link to know more about the product and endorse it as well. Additionally, since million of people visit social media sites to find product reviews to be able to make informed buying decisions, small and large business have an opportunity to provide products to popular Facebook and Youtube users to review for their subscribers and win more leads (Venkatesh, R, Jayasingh 2015). Form Closer Relationships with Customers Social media is also a way that businesses use to communicate with their existing customers and create an online family. Through this, the customers can trust them and their products more. When companies notice the spread of negative reviews, they can use this to their advantage and provide the right features of their products to the public. Through this technique, companies can reach out to dissatisfied customers one-on-one and find innovative ways of enhancing the products that they are offering (Making a Business from Social Media 2011). For a business to be successful in the use of social media, they need to be strategic with their posts. They should share their success and failures and avoid being too formal so as to build trust within social media consumers. It is important to respond to as many comments as possible and use hashtags along with geolocators. This way, businesses become more personalized. People look for specific hashtags and allow people to see that the business has a face. People want to see that the business is operating in different places (Evans 2010; (Venkatesh, R, Jayasingh 2015). Increase Influence by Broadcasting Article and Products Social media also enables businesses to broadcast their products, news, and articles and have greater influence in their markets. When they are creating a social media marketing strategy, for that reason, businesses should target the right people and networks. An effective strategy allows people who are not the companys customers to be part of the network but have a massive impact on their marketing efforts. According to digital analyst Augie Ray, there are three critical social media influencers. These influencers are social broadcasters, mass influencers, and potential influencers. According to this expert, more than 80 percent of people on social media are potential influencers. By making to an effort to identify and connect with them, the business can attract shares and likes that in the end play a major role in the spread of the brand name (Li, Stacks 2015). Get Instant Customer Feedback Other than talking to customers, social media enables companies to listen to their customers. When they monitor what people say about their products and services on Twitter and other sites, a business can get real-time feedback on what customers expect from the business. Business use tools such as Google Alerts to monitor and listen on the social web (Venkatesh, R, Jayasingh 2015). Measuring the Impact of Social Media The understanding that social media can help a business to grow rapidly has influenced many companies to increase their investment on it. If businesses to succeed, there should be no disconnection between goals and metrics (Frunk 2012). Use Goal-driven metrics Companies can measure the impact of social media by setting specific goals for all their digital campaign goals. If a company wants to generate brand awareness, the can measure their success through engagement. However, if they envision driving purchase, the conversation rate from visitor to buyer can be an appropriate metric (Li, Stacks 2015). Build Predictive Models Metrics can be used to forecast what might happen depending on the tactics used for example media placement and spending levels. Companies can leverage metrics to build the models and plug in different inputs to prompt outcomes (Li, Stacks 2015). Conduct Experiments A great way to truly understand the impact of social media is conducting scientific experiments. Businesses should conduct small pre- and post-tests to gauge the activity of the customer before and after online campaigns. Another great way is including control groups that matched on observable characteristics for comparison to the treatment of the group (Moorman 2017). Allocate Funds to Metrics A recent CMO Survey revealed that most companies spend only 2.3 percent of their marketing budgets on measuring social media impact. Those that succeed invest more. This particular investment can include advanced technology, customer databases, models, agency partnerships, and dedicated staff (Moorman 2017). Conclusion Social media has continued to have a considerable impact on business success. The use of this communication tool to share and engage with business stakeholders such as customers and potential influencers continue to grow a high rate. Through social media, businesses can drive traffic to their sites, form closer relationship with their customers, increase their influence, and get instant customer Feedback. Businesses are also able to measure the impact of social media on their activities using a variety of methods including using goal-driven metrics, building predictive models, conducting experiments, and allocating sufficient funds to metrics. References Barker, M 2017, Social media marketing: a strategic approach, Cengage Learning, Australia Evaluating Social Media Marketing 2016, Strategic Social Media, 196-209, doi:10.1002/9781119370680.ch12 Evans, L 2010, Social media marketing: strategies for engaging in Facebook, Twitter amp; other social media, Indianapolis, Que Publ., IN. Funk, T 2012, Advanced Social Media Campaigns, Advanced Social Media Marketing, 173-206, doi:10.1007/978-1-4302-4408-0_9 Li, C, Stacks, D 2015, Measuring the Impact of Social Media on Business Profit Success, doi:10.3726/978-1-4539-1590-5 Making a Business from Social Media 2011, Social Media 101, 203-205, doi:10.1002/9781118256138.ch53 Moorman, C 2016, October 17, Measuring The Impact Of Social Media On Your Business. Retrieved May 13, 2017, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/christinemoorman/2015/01/18/measuring-the-impact-of-social-media-on-your-business/#32c9079915e5 Plotting Your Social Media Marketing Strategy 2011, Social Media Marketing All-in-One For Dummies, 33-55, doi:10.1002/9781118257661.ch2 Venkatesh, R, Jayasingh, S 2015, Transformation of Business through Social Media, Social Media Listening and Monitoring for Business Applications, 1-17, doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-0846-5.ch001